Can you fix a broken migration or SQLSTATE error?

Yes. Failed migrations are delicate because a half-run migration can leave your schema in an inconsistent state. Typical errors: SQLSTATE[42000]: ... 1071 Specified key was too long (the utf8mb4 index-length trap), foreign-key constraints that won’t drop, or a column that already exists. We repair the schema state and the migrations table without dropping your data, then make the migration safely re-runnable.